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Technical Report: Solar Ultraviolet Protection from Sunglasses.

Ronald Rabbetts, David Sliney1

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Sunglass standards for ultraviolet A (UV-A) protection are questionable. More stringent UV-A filtration requirements are needed to minimize needless eye exposure to solar radiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Photobiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Scientific uncertainty exists regarding adequate sunglass protection against delayed health effects from solar ultraviolet A (UV-A) radiation.
  • Current sunglass standards and commercial interests present conflicting views on the necessity and level of near-ultraviolet filtration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on potential risks associated with UV-A exposure from sunglasses.
  • To evaluate the adequacy of current sunglass standards for near-ultraviolet protection.
  • To address the challenges in designing sunglass lenses for optimal optical energy filtration.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated solar UV-A transmittance for sunglass and spectacle lens materials.
  • Utilized International Standards Organization (ISO) sunglass standard methodologies.
  • Performed calculations with and without the S(λ) erythemal weighting function and up to 380 nm or 400 nm limits.

Main Results:

  • Solar UV-A transmittance values are lower when calculated with the S(λ) function and a 380 nm limit compared to using a 400 nm limit or omitting the S(λ) function.
  • Most sunglass lenses meet more stringent UV-A protection requirements.
  • Certain spectacle lens materials require additional UV-A filtering treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Current sunglass standards are not sufficiently cautious regarding near-UV protection.
  • A more protective approach is needed to minimize unnecessary optical energy exposure to the eyes.
  • Some spectacle lens materials may not provide adequate UV-A protection without modifications.