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Tinnitus and suicide: An unresolved relation.

Annett Szibor1, Antti Mäkitie1, Antti A Aarnisalo1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Audiology Research
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Tinnitus, an auditory phantom sensation, may be linked to psychiatric conditions and suicidal ideation. However, current research cannot definitively confirm a direct link between tinnitus and suicide due to complex factors and varied study methods.

Keywords:
AnxietyDepressionPsychosocial stressSuicideTinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tinnitus is a phantom auditory sensation causing distress and potentially linked to psychiatric conditions.
  • Patients with severe tinnitus and comorbidities may exhibit increased suicidal ideation and behavior.
  • Understanding the relationship between tinnitus and suicide is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on the prevalence of suicide and suicidal behavior in tinnitus patients.
  • To identify potential risk factors and alarming signs associated with tinnitus and suicidal ideation.
  • To collate current concepts regarding the tinnitus-suicide relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases.
  • Keywords related to tinnitus, suicide, and suicidal behavior were used for study identification.
  • Twenty-two publications were initially identified, with 10 meeting stringent inclusion criteria for the review.

Main Results:

  • Current studies do not provide a univocal conclusion on the co-incidence of tinnitus and suicide.
  • Methodological differences, complex psychiatric comorbidities, and confounding factors (e.g., PTSD) hinder definitive conclusions.
  • The heterogeneity of tinnitus etiology and suicidal behavior complicates establishing a direct relationship.

Conclusions:

  • A definitive link between tinnitus and suicide cannot be established from the current body of research.
  • Further multidisciplinary research is required to address the etiological heterogeneity of tinnitus and suicidal behavior.
  • Concerted actions involving various medical disciplines are needed to clarify the relationship.