Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances

Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances

Appearance is a multidimensional aspect of self-presentation that encompasses observable attributes such as clothing, grooming, speech, and nonverbal behavior. These elements are often strategically managed to align with socially constructed expectations in different settings. For instance, individuals tailor their appearance during job interviews, social gatherings, or athletic events to meet the perceived norms of those environments.Contextual Adaptation and Social SignalsThe research...

Tonsillitis II: Management

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

[Invasive mycoses in France: what are the trends?]

La Revue du praticien·2026

Same author

Ethical approval processes for research during public health emergencies in Africa: Experiences from a multicountry mpox study.

Journal of public health in Africa·2026

Same author

WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) for monitoring bloodstream infections due to <i>Candida</i>: findings from a demonstration study.

EClinicalMedicine·2026

Same author

High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among People Living with Advanced HIV Disease in Botswana.

Biomedicines·2026

Same author

Detection of Hepatitis B Virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid of People with HIV-associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in Botswana.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026

Same author

Long-Acting Treatment and Advanced HIV Disease - Addressing a Public Health Priority.

The New England journal of medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Published on: January 11, 2018

Recent advances in managing HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.

Timothée Boyer-Chammard^1,2, Elvis Temfack³, Alexandre Alanio^1,4

¹Molecular Mycology Unit and National Reference Centre for Invasive Mycoses, UMR2000, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

|July 6, 2019

Summary

Rapid HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis diagnosis is available, but treatment relies on older antifungal drugs. Recent advances focus on optimizing the induction phase for better patient survival.

Keywords:

AIDS Ambisome Amphotericin B Cryptococcus neoformans Fluconazole Flucytosine advanced HIV disease cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Published on: January 11, 2018

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Neuroscience
Mycology

Background:

Point-of-care tests enable rapid diagnosis of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
Current antifungal treatments (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole) are older, off-patent drugs.
Treatment involves induction, consolidation, and maintenance phases, with induction being critical for survival.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key trials informing current treatment recommendations for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
To highlight recent progress in optimizing the induction phase of treatment.
To address the challenge of managing cryptococcal meningitis with limited drug options.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of pivotal clinical trials.
Analysis of data from key studies on antifungal drug efficacy.
Synthesis of evidence to inform treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

Diagnostic capabilities have advanced significantly.
Treatment strategies remain reliant on established antifungal agents.
Progress has been made in optimizing induction therapy protocols.

Conclusions:

Despite diagnostic progress, effective treatment for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis requires optimized use of existing antifungal drugs.
The induction phase is crucial for patient survival and has seen recent therapeutic advancements.
Further research into novel antifungal agents is warranted but current focus is on optimizing existing regimens.