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A Needs-Driven, Multi-Objective Approach to Allocate Urban Ecosystem Services from 10,000 Trees.

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Optimizing urban tree planting in Durham, NC, using a spatial method revealed that prioritizing multiple benefits, especially for vulnerable populations, maximizes environmental and social gains. This led to a city-wide plan for planting 10,000 trees.

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Area of Science:

  • Urban forestry
  • Environmental planning
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Background:

  • Urban areas face challenges like pollution, stormwater runoff, and sedentary lifestyles.
  • Trees offer solutions by absorbing pollutants and improving walkability.
  • Optimizing tree benefits requires a multi-sectoral, systems approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a spatially-explicit method for optimizing urban tree planting in Durham, NC.
  • To identify priority locations for planting 10,000 mid-sized deciduous trees.
  • To evaluate tree planting strategies based on single and multiple objectives.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GIS data including landcover, demographics (U.S. Census), roads, and sidewalks.
  • Employed a ranking approach for Census block groups (CBGs) based on objectives: stormwater reduction, emissions buffering, walkability, and vulnerable population protection.
  • Compared outcomes of single-objective versus multiple-objective prioritization strategies.

Main Results:

  • Single-objective prioritization yielded geographically dispersed planting locations.
  • Multiple-objective prioritization favored historically disadvantaged CBGs.
  • A four-objective strategy (including vulnerable populations) met the greatest regional need and showed that including vulnerable populations generated more benefits.

Conclusions:

  • The City of Durham has implemented a seven-year plan to plant 10,000 trees based on this analysis.
  • A multi-objective, spatially-explicit approach is effective for optimizing urban tree benefits.
  • Prioritizing vulnerable populations in urban greening strategies enhances overall community well-being and resilience.