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Lycorine Hydrochloride Inhibits the Virulence Traits of Candida albicans

Longfei Yang1, Xin Liu2, Yujie Sui1

  • 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.

Biomed Research International
|July 6, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Lycorine hydrochloride (LH) shows promise as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans. It effectively inhibits fungal growth and virulence, with low toxicity to human cells and synergistic effects with existing drugs.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • * *Candida albicans* is an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing significant health issues.
  • * Biofilm formation by *C. albicans* leads to persistent and difficult-to-treat infections.
  • * There is a critical need for novel antifungal therapies targeting *C. albicans*.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the antifungal and antivirulence activities of lycorine hydrochloride (LH) against *Candida albicans*.
  • * To assess the cytotoxicity of LH on mammalian cells.
  • * To evaluate the potential synergistic effects of LH with existing antifungal drugs.

Main Methods:

  • * Determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LH against *C. albicans* SC5314.
  • * Assessment of LH's antivirulence properties, including inhibition of adhesion, filamentation, biofilm formation, and extracellular enzyme production (phospholipase and EPS).
  • * Cytotoxicity assays on mammalian cells to determine half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50).
  • * Evaluation of synergistic, additive, or antagonistic interactions between LH and amphotericin B (AmB), fluconazole, and caspofungin.

Main Results:

  • * The MIC of LH against *C. albicans* was determined to be 64 μM.
  • * Below the MIC, LH exhibited significant antivirulence effects, suppressing key virulence factors such as adhesion, filamentation, biofilm development, and the production of extracellular phospholipase and exopolymeric substances (EPS).
  • * LH demonstrated low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, with IC50 values exceeding 256 μM.
  • * A synergistic effect was observed when LH was combined with amphotericin B (AmB). Interactions with fluconazole and caspofungin were indifferent.

Conclusions:

  • * Lycorine hydrochloride (LH) possesses potent antifungal and antivirulence activities against *Candida albicans*.
  • * LH is a promising candidate for the development of new antifungal therapies due to its efficacy and low toxicity.
  • * LH may be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with current antifungal drugs, particularly amphotericin B, to combat *C. albicans* infections.

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