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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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Combinatorial regulation of alternative splicing.

Hossein Shenasa1, Klemens J Hertel1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing generates protein diversity essential for gene expression. Understanding the complex factors influencing splicing is crucial for predicting outcomes and understanding diseases like cancer.

Keywords:
Alternative splicingExon architectureRNA modificationRNA secondary structureSplice site strengthSplicing regulators

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Gene expression relies on the accurate processing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) into mature messenger RNA (mRNA).
  • Alternative pre-mRNA splicing significantly contributes to the diversity of transcripts and proteins in complex organisms.
  • Dysregulation of alternative splicing patterns is linked to the pathogenesis of human diseases, including various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted factors governing alternative pre-mRNA splicing decisions.
  • To highlight the necessity of understanding these factors for predicting splicing outcomes.
  • To elucidate the molecular underpinnings of splicing-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on splicing regulation.
  • It examines the interplay of various cis- and trans-acting factors.
  • The discussion includes the impact of RNA structure and modifications.

Main Results:

  • Alternative splicing is a combinatorial process influenced by numerous elements.
  • Key factors include splice site strength, intron-exon architecture, and RNA secondary structure.
  • Regulatory elements, promoter usage, transcription speed, and nucleotide modifications also play critical roles.

Conclusions:

  • A holistic understanding of all factors influencing alternative splicing is essential.
  • This knowledge is vital for predicting splicing outcomes and comprehending the molecular basis of diseases.
  • Further research into RNA structure and splicing regulation is warranted.