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The electrooculogram.
1John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 7, 2019
Summary
The electrooculogram (EOG) measures eye potential changes using skin electrodes. An abnormal EOG, particularly a low light peak to dark trough ratio, can indicate conditions like Best disease.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
Background:
- The electrooculogram (EOG) measures the standing potential between the cornea and the back of the eye.
- This potential is influenced by the retinal pigment epithelium and midretinal function.
- Changes in potential occur with light and dark adaptation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explain the electrooculogram (EOG) measurement technique.
- To define normal and abnormal EOG parameters.
- To highlight the EOG's utility in diagnosing retinal diseases, particularly Best disease.
Main Methods:
- Attaching skin electrodes near the eye's canthi to measure potential differences.
- Instructing patients to move their eyes horizontally.
- Recording potential changes during dark adaptation (dark trough) and light exposure (light peak).
Main Results:
- A normal light peak to dark trough ratio is approximately 2:1.
- A ratio below 1.7 is considered abnormal.
- The EOG is often abnormal in Best disease, while the electroretinogram (ERG) remains normal.
Conclusions:
- The EOG is a valuable tool for assessing retinal pigment epithelium and midretinal function.
- An abnormal EOG is a key indicator for diagnosing Best disease.
- The EOG also serves as a method for tracking eye movements.
