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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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High Density Event-related Potential Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience
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Cognitive neurophysiology: Event-related potentials.

Randolph F Helfrich1, Robert T Knight1

  • 1Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) offer high temporal resolution for cognitive processing. This review updates understanding of ERPs, their cortical origins, and novel applications in neurophysiology.

Keywords:
CNVERP waveform analysesEvent-related cross-frequency correlationsEvent-related potential (ERP)MMNMultivariate decodingP300Phase resettingSteady-state evoked potentials

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) are crucial for assessing cognitive processing due to their high temporal resolution.
  • Understanding the cortical origins and generation mechanisms of ERPs is essential for accurate interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated view on the cortical sources of evoked responses.
  • To discuss mechanisms of ERP generation, focusing on the interplay between evoked and ongoing oscillatory activity.
  • To explore novel applications of ERPs in indexing human perception and behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on event-related potentials (ERPs) and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG).
  • Discussion of the relationship between evoked and ongoing oscillatory activity.
  • Examination of differences between ERPs and high-frequency cortical activation.

Main Results:

  • ERPs precisely index perception and behavior through mechanisms like neuronal entrainment and multivariate decoding.
  • Time-locked response analysis is robust for nonlinear neuronal activity, offering artifact resistance over spectral methods.
  • Steady-state evoked potentials and cross-frequency correlations offer new avenues for ERP research.

Conclusions:

  • The review presents a state-of-the-art overview of ERPs, their generation, and applications.
  • ERPs remain a valuable tool in cognitive and clinical neurophysiology for fine-grained temporal analysis.
  • Novel analytical approaches enhance the utility of ERPs in understanding brain function.