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Related Concept Videos

Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Implicit Differentiation01:25

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In classical mechanics, motion is often described through relationships between spatial coordinates and time. A car moving along a straight highway with constant acceleration serves as a simple case where velocity is an explicit function of time. This scenario results in a linear equation, enabling straightforward analysis using basic differentiation techniques.In contrast, a satellite in circular orbit follows a path defined by an implicit function. The position of the satellite is constrained...
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Curves defined implicitly, where variables cannot be separated algebraically, require specialized techniques for analysis. The conchoid of Nicomedes exemplifies such a case. Its equation links x and y in a way that prevents isolation of one variable, making implicit differentiation essential to determine the slope and behavior at any point on the curve.The implicit form of the conchoid can be expressed as:To differentiate this equation, y is treated as a function of x, and the chain rule is...
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Definite Integral01:29

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Consider a real-valued function defined on a closed interval. One of the fundamental objectives in calculus is to determine the area under the graph of such a function. When an exact computation is not readily available, this area can be estimated by dividing the interval into a finite number of equal subintervals. Each subinterval corresponds to a rectangle whose width is the length of the subinterval and whose height is determined by the value of the function at a selected point within that...
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Second Derivatives of Implicit Functions01:29

Second Derivatives of Implicit Functions

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Elliptical arches are fundamental in architectural and structural engineering, offering aesthetic appeal and structural efficiency. The shape of an elliptical arch follows a constrained geometric relationship where the height and horizontal position are implicitly related. This means that the height y cannot be explicitly expressed as a function of the horizontal position x, necessitating implicit differentiation for slope and curvature analysis.The equation of an ellipse centered at the origin...
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Implicit personality theory explains how individuals make assumptions about the relationships between personality traits, behaviors, and character types. When people learn that someone possesses a particular trait, they tend to infer the presence of other related characteristics, forming a cohesive impression. This cognitive shortcut plays a crucial role in social interactions and interpersonal judgments.Central Traits and Their InfluenceSolomon Asch's seminal 1946 study highlighted the power...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum
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High Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Modulate Implicit Task Sequence Learning and

Branislav Savic1, René Müri2, Beat Meier1

  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.

Neuroscience
|July 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) did not improve implicit task sequence learning or memory consolidation. This study suggests that even focal brain stimulation may not be sufficient to modulate these cognitive functions.

Keywords:
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexhigh definition transcranial direct current stimulationimplicit task sequence learningmemory consolidation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroplasticity
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Implicit task sequence learning is impaired by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) lesions.
  • Previous studies using conventional transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) failed to modulate implicit sequence learning and consolidation.
  • Conventional tDCS has diffuse effects, prompting investigation into focal stimulation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) in modulating implicit task sequence learning.
  • To assess the impact of HD-tDCS on the consolidation of learned task sequences.
  • To determine if focal brain stimulation can enhance implicit learning and memory consolidation.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent HD-tDCS targeting the prefrontal cortex during an implicit task sequence learning phase.
  • Sequence learning was assessed during the stimulation session.
  • Memory consolidation was measured 24 hours after stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Implicit sequence learning was observed across all experimental conditions and sessions.
  • Memory consolidation for the learned sequences was robust.
  • Neither sequence learning nor consolidation was significantly modulated by HD-tDCS.

Conclusions:

  • Focal HD-tDCS does not appear to influence implicit task sequence learning.
  • HD-tDCS also failed to modulate the consolidation of implicitly learned sequences.
  • These findings align with previous research, indicating limitations of current tDCS techniques for enhancing these specific cognitive functions.