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Interaction between spent fuel components and carbonate rocks.

O Klein-BenDavid1, Y Harlavan2, I Levkov3

  • 1Applied Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Center - Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Be'er Sheva 8419001, Israel; Geological & Environmental Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 653 84105, Israel.

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Low permeability carbonate rocks offer limited isolation for spent nuclear fuel components. Additional engineered barriers are necessary for safe disposal in these formations, as natural retention is only partial.

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CarbonateDeep geological repositoryInterim storageSpent fuel

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Deep geological repositories are the standard for spent fuel disposal.
  • Alternative host rocks are considered when traditional options are unavailable.
  • Israel's carbonate rocks present a potential, yet unproven, option for nuclear waste management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sorption and retardation capabilities of low permeability carbonate rocks for spent fuel components.
  • To assess the suitability of Israeli carbonate rocks as host formations for nuclear waste repositories and interim storage.

Main Methods:

  • Batch experiments using chemical simulants for Strontium (Sr), Cesium (Cs), Uranium (U), and Cerium (Ce).
  • Interaction of tracers with five carbonate rock types from the Mount Scopus Group at 25°C.
  • Geochemical speciation analysis using LeachXS™-ORCHESTRA.

Main Results:

  • Cerium removal was linked to bicarbonate concentration, forming carbonate precipitates.
  • Cesium and Strontium removal were primarily controlled by clay content.
  • Uranium sorption was mainly attributed to organic matter and possibly iron oxides.
  • Partition coefficients for U, Cs, and Sr ranged from 10¹ to 10² mL/g, with no significant grain size effect.

Conclusions:

  • Carbonate rocks provide only partial isolation of radionuclides.
  • Engineered barriers are likely required to enhance containment in carbonate formations.
  • Further research into radionuclide interactions within these specific rock types is warranted.