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Plants Neither Possess nor Require Consciousness.

Lincoln Taiz1, Daniel Alkon2, Andreas Draguhn3

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

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|July 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Consciousness likely requires complex brains, a trait absent in plants. This study proposes criteria for consciousness evolution in animals, finding vertebrates, arthropods, and cephalopods meet them, while plants do not.

Keywords:
auxinbraincognitionconsciousnesspainplant neurobiology, Naturphilosophie

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • The concept of plant consciousness is debated, often overlooking the evolutionary requirements for complex cognitive functions.
  • The emergence of consciousness is intrinsically linked to the development of sophisticated neural structures and processing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the hypothesis of plant consciousness by examining the evolutionary criteria for consciousness in animals.
  • To establish a framework for identifying consciousness based on neuroanatomy and functional complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing the brain anatomy, functional complexity, and behaviors across a diverse range of animal species.
  • Developing and applying specific criteria for the emergence of consciousness based on evolutionary and neurological evidence.

Main Results:

  • Vertebrates (including fish), arthropods (insects, crabs), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids) were identified as meeting the established criteria for consciousness.
  • Plants, lacking neurons and complex brain structures, do not meet the proposed criteria for consciousness.

Conclusions:

  • The evolutionary trajectory of consciousness necessitates significant neural complexity, which is absent in plants.
  • The hypothesis suggests that consciousness is effectively absent in plants due to their fundamental biological organization.