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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Published on: October 17, 2025
Grade 3 and 4 Toxicity Profiles During Therapy of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Joanna Zawitkowska1, Monika Lejman2, Agnieszka Zaucha-Prażmo3
1Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland jzawitkowska1971@gmail.com.
Background/Aim:
The risk factors, clinical features and non-hematological toxicity profiles during chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients treated in pediatric hematology centres were analysed.
Materials And Methods:
A total of 902/1872 children were reported as having grade 3 or 4 toxicity.
Results:
Among the analysed toxicities, infection and gastrointestinal and liver toxicities were the most common. The median follow-up was 6.8 years. Overall survival and event-free survival rates for the analysed group were lower than those reported for the group without grade ≥3 toxicity. In univariate analysis, we identified the number of toxic episodes, the risk group and remission status that had a significant impact on the outcome. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the risk group and the number of toxic episodes ≥3 to be statistically significant for the results.
Conclusion:
The toxic profiles investigated in our report should be used in future efforts to decrease the burden of side effects during chemotherapy.
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