Autoimmune Hepatitis Refractory to Treatment Due to Underlying Grave's Disease

A 24-year-old Hispanic woman presented to our facility with a two-week history of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, and scleral icterus. Initial laboratory workup revealed elevated transaminases, direct hyperbilirubinemia, and positive anti-smooth muscle antibody. Liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and our patient was started on oral prednisone therapy. Her liver enzymes initially began to normalize but then spontaneously started up-trending. She was subsequently readmitted to the hospital for further management, at which time she also complained of palpitations, heat intolerance, and sweating. Laboratory workup revealed hyperthyroidism secondary to Grave's disease. Our patient was not a candidate for methimazole or propylthiouracil treatment due to her hepatic dysfunction, so she was started on hydrocortisone due to its secondary effect of decreased conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. She achieved biochemical remission of her autoimmune hepatitis on this regimen and was transitioned back to oral prednisone therapy. Her liver enzymes normalized once she underwent radioactive iodine ablation of her thyroid. This clinical course suggests that autoimmune hepatitis with concurrent Grave's disease may be refractory to treatment until the underlying hyperthyroid state is corrected.