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Relation between emm types and virulence gene profiles among Bulgarian Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates

Raina Gergova1, Adile Muhtarova1, Ivan Mitov1

  • 1a Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria.

Infectious Diseases (London, England)
|July 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

This study identified 15 emm genotypes in Bulgarian Streptococcus pyogenes isolates, including two novel subtypes. Certain emm types correlated with specific infection sites and virulence factors, aiding in understanding and preventing streptococcal infections.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The Streptococcus pyogenes emm gene, encoding M protein, is a crucial epidemiological marker for tracking bacterial strains.
  • Understanding the diversity of emm genotypes and their association with virulence is essential for managing streptococcal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the emm genotypes of Bulgarian clinical Streptococcus pyogenes isolates collected between 2014 and 2018.
  • To analyze the relationship between identified emm genotypes, virulence gene profiles, and associated disease types.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing were employed for emm genotyping of 182 S. pyogenes clinical isolates.
  • PCR was utilized to investigate the presence of specific virulence factors in the isolates.
  • Methodology followed protocols established by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Main Results:

  • Fifteen distinct emm types and eight emm clusters were identified among the Bulgarian isolates.
  • Predominant genotypes included cluster A-C3 (emm1, 24.7%), A-C5 (emm3, 19.2%), E1 (emm4, 11.0%), A-C4 (emm12, 11.0%), and E4 (emm2, 28, 77, 89, 20.9%).
  • Two novel emm3 subtypes, emm3.132 and emm3.133, were discovered. emm3 genotypes were linked to invasive infections, while emm4 and emm12 were associated with skin and mucosal infections. Over 60% of emm1 strains carried genes for streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins, suggesting higher virulence potential.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized the emm type spectrum of Bulgarian S. pyogenes clinical isolates and their associated virulence factors, identifying two novel emm3 subtypes.
  • The findings highlight the correlation between specific emm types, infection types, and the presence of virulence genes.
  • Continuous monitoring of S. pyogenes epidemiology and pathogenic potential is vital for improving prevention and management of streptococcal infections.
Keywords:
genotypesvirulence factors

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