"I have strong medicine, you see": Strategic responses to racial microaggressions
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Updated: Oct 12, 2026

Rapid Identification of Chemical Genetic Interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Published on: April 5, 2015
Sara Houshmand1, Lisa B Spanierman2, Jack De Stefano1
1Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University.
Abstract:
In this qualitative study, the authors examined responses to racial microaggressions among community members in Montreal, Canada. To this end, using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA; Smith, Flowers, & Larkin, 2009) we conducted individual interviews with Black Canadian (n = 5) and Indigenous (n = 5) community members who pursued employment directly after secondary education. Seven themes emerged from the data (e.g., calling out perpetrators, empowering self and others, choosing to not engage, and using humor). Response strategies convey 4 primary features: (a) importance of social support in accessing resources and confronting racial microaggressions, (b) use of culturally grounded strategies as a form of resistance, (c) multifaceted use of humor to confront and to minimize racial microaggressions, and (d) intentional use of avoidance among women participants. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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