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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Immune therapy is a significant advancement in cancer treatment.
  • Tumor response to immune therapy differs from conventional chemotherapy.
  • Pseudoprogression is an uncommon but important phenomenon in immune therapy response.

Observation:

  • The study presents three cases of pseudoprogression in patients with metastasized melanoma, lung cancer, and renal cancer.
  • Patients experienced apparent disease progression on initial imaging.
  • Clinical status remained good despite initial imaging findings.

Findings:

  • Pseudoprogression is characterized by initial imaging showing disease progression due to inflammation, followed by actual tumor response on subsequent imaging.
  • This phenomenon occurred in patients undergoing immune therapy for advanced cancers.
  • It is crucial to differentiate pseudoprogression from true disease progression.

Implications:

  • Prevent premature discontinuation of immune therapy when pseudoprogression is suspected.
  • Repeated imaging after a minimum of four weeks is recommended for suspected pseudoprogression.
  • Consider biopsy if diagnostic uncertainty persists to guide treatment decisions.