Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026
10:16
Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
Published on: October 23, 2014
26.0K
Quantum Martingale Theory and Entropy Production.
Gonzalo Manzano1,2, Rosario Fazio1,3, Édgar Roldán1
1International Centre for Theoretical Physics ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy.
Physical Review Letters
|July 9, 2019
Summary
We use martingale theory to analyze entropy production fluctuations in open quantum systems. This reveals universal results for stochastic entropy production statistics, confirmed by qubit simulations.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Thermodynamics
- Statistical Mechanics
- Non-equilibrium Physics
Background:
- Understanding entropy production is crucial for open quantum systems.
- Non-equilibrium steady states present unique challenges in thermodynamics.
- Fluctuation theorems provide insights into the statistical behavior of thermodynamic quantities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe fluctuations of entropy production in open quantum systems using martingale theory.
- To identify a decomposition of entropy production obeying integral fluctuation theorems.
- To derive universal results for stochastic entropy production statistics.
Main Methods:
- Application of martingale theory to quantum systems.
- Utilizing the quantum jump trajectory formalism.
- Derivation of theoretical results and numerical simulations.
Main Results:
- A decomposition of entropy production into an exponential martingale and a purely quantum term.
- Both terms satisfy integral fluctuation theorems.
- Universal results for stopping-time and infimum statistics of stochastic entropy production.
Conclusions:
- Martingale theory provides a powerful framework for analyzing entropy production in open quantum systems.
- The derived results offer new insights into the statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium quantum phenomena.
- Numerical simulations validate the theoretical formalism for a qubit system.
Related Concept Videos
02:39Entropy
35.0K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
35.0K
01:18Entropy
3.5K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.5K
03:00Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction
24.1K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
24.1K
02:43Quantum Numbers
49.4K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
49.4K
02:45Valence Bond Theory
49.9K
Overview of Valence Bond Theory
49.9K
02:35Band Theory
17.1K
When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
17.1K