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Proton Shell Evolution below ^{132}Sn: First Measurement of Low-Lying β-Emitting Isomers in ^{123,125}Ag.

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Researchers identified new beta-emitting isomers in silver isotopes (Ag) for the first time. This provides key insights into the Z=40 subshell gap and nuclear structure in neutron-rich nuclei.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics

Background:

  • Investigating the nuclear structure of neutron-rich isotopes is crucial for understanding nuclear forces and shell effects.
  • The Z=40 subshell gap in silver (Ag) isotopes is a key region for studying nuclear shell evolution.
  • Previous predictions suggested the existence of 1/2⁻ β-emitting isomers in ^{123,125}Ag, but experimental confirmation was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally identify and characterize the β-delayed γ-ray spectroscopy of neutron-rich ^{123,125}Ag isotopes.
  • To investigate the evolution of the Z=40 subshell gap in Ag isotopes.
  • To understand the role of nuclear interactions, such as tensor force, in shaping nuclear structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized β-delayed γ-ray spectroscopy at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) of RIKEN.
  • Performed shell-model calculations using the V_{MU} plus M3Y spin-orbit interaction.
  • Analyzed energy spacing between specific nuclear energy levels (9/2⁺ and 1/2⁻).

Main Results:

  • Successfully identified the long-predicted 1/2⁻ β-emitting isomers in ^{123,125}Ag for the first time.
  • Extended the systematic trend of energy spacing up to N=78, indicating a reduction of the Z=40 subshell gap.
  • Shell-model calculations accurately described the low-lying states, highlighting the crucial role of tensor force.

Conclusions:

  • The first identification of 1/2⁻ isomers in ^{123,125}Ag provides critical data on nuclear structure.
  • The results confirm the reduction of the Z=40 subshell gap in Ag isotopes approaching N=82.
  • The tensor force and monopole shifts of specific orbitals are key to understanding the observed nuclear properties.