Toward a First-Principles Calculation of Electroweak Box Diagrams
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
Published on: October 12, 2019
Chien-Yeah Seng1, Ulf-G Meißner1,2,3
1Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Abstract:
We derive a Feynman-Hellmann theorem relating the second-order nucleon energy shift resulting from the introduction of periodic source terms of electromagnetic and isovector axial currents to the parity-odd nucleon structure function F_{3}^{N}. It is a crucial ingredient in the theoretical study of the γW and γZ box diagrams that are known to suffer from large hadronic uncertainties. We demonstrate that for a given Q^{2} one only needs to compute a small number of energy shifts in order to obtain the required inputs for the box diagrams. Future lattice calculations based on this approach may shed new light on various topics in precision physics including the refined determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements and the weak mixing angle.
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