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Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis: A Case Report

Minhua Chen1, Wei Ruan2, Lingling Zhang2

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.

The Korean Journal of Parasitology
|July 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Primary amebic encephalitis (PAM), a severe brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, is fatal if not treated early. Aggressive treatment may improve outcomes for this rare but devastating infection.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Primary amebic encephalitis (PAM) is a rare but almost uniformly fatal infection of the central nervous system.
  • Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba, causes PAM and thrives in warm freshwater environments.
  • Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are critical for patient survival.

Observation:

  • A case of a 43-year-old male who developed PAM after exposure to warm freshwater is presented.
  • The patient experienced rapid cerebral edema and ultimately succumbed to the infection despite amphotericin B treatment.
  • Clinical presentation was similar to other forms of meningoencephalitis.

Findings:

  • PAM diagnosis was delayed due to non-specific initial symptoms.
  • Aggressive treatment, including amphotericin B, was initiated but ultimately unsuccessful in this case.
  • The case highlights the rapid progression and severity of Naegleria fowleri infections.

Implications:

  • PAM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute purulent meningoencephalitis, particularly in individuals with recent freshwater exposure during warmer months.
  • Prompt and aggressive therapeutic interventions are crucial for improving the prognosis of PAM.
  • Increased awareness and early diagnostic considerations can potentially save lives from this devastating infection.
Keywords:
Naegleria fowleriamphotericin Bcerebral herniaprimary amebic meningoencephalitis

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