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Related Concept Videos

What is Homeostasis?01:16

What is Homeostasis?

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Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F).
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pH Homeostasis01:31

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Acid-base homeostasis is essential for maintaining normal physiological activities in humans. The pH of various body fluids is strictly regulated because it is critical for the optimal activity of enzymes involved in metabolic reactions. Enzymes are basically proteins, so, any significant change in pH can affect their structure and activity. In humans, pH is regulated using three primary mechanisms— chemical buffer systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation.
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cellular Senescence.

Panagiotis V S Vasileiou1, Konstantinos Evangelou1, Konstantinos Vlasis2

  • 1Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece.

Cells
|July 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cellular senescence, a stress response, involves mitochondrial dysfunction impacting biogenesis and metabolism. Impaired mitochondrial health (mitostasis) may also trigger senescence, highlighting their complex relationship.

Keywords:
cellular senescencemitochondriamitochondrial dynamicsmitostasis

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Cellular senescence is a stress response crucial for homeostasis.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction, including impaired biogenesis, metabolism, and dynamics, is a hallmark of senescence.
  • Mitostasis (mitochondrial homeostasis) is implicated in inducing cellular senescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mitochondrial homeostatic mechanisms.
  • To provide insights into the interplay between cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cellular senescence and mitochondrial biology.
  • Analysis of research on mitostasis and its role in senescence.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial deregulation is a key feature of senescent cells.
  • Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis can lead to cellular senescence.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial function is intrinsically linked to cellular senescence.
  • Understanding this interplay is vital for aging and disease research.