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Influence of Step-Width Manipulation on Running Biomechanics
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Individual optimal step frequency during outdoor running.

Cornelis J de Ruiter1, Suzanne van Daal1, Jaap H van Dieën1

  • 1Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

European Journal of Sport Science
|July 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experienced runners outside the lab typically run at a preferred step frequency (PSF) slightly below their optimal step frequency (OSF). Adjusting to OSF offers minimal heart rate reduction for most, suggesting little physiological gain.

Keywords:
Stride frequencycardiovascular driftenergy consumptionwind

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Understanding optimal running mechanics is crucial for performance and injury prevention.
  • Previous research on optimal step frequency (OSF) often conducted in laboratory settings.
  • Heart rate (HR) is a validated proxy for energy cost in outdoor running studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate preferred (self-selected) step frequency (PSF) versus OSF in recreational runners.
  • To assess the relationship between PSF and OSF during outdoor running at various speeds.
  • To determine the potential heart rate (energy cost) benefits of running at OSF compared to PSF.

Main Methods:

  • 21 experienced recreational runners participated in outdoor, out-and-back running sessions.
  • Heart rate (HR) was monitored to determine OSF (minimum HR) at constant speeds.
  • Runners completed trials at a comfortable speed and 15% higher speed, with imposed and preferred step frequencies.

Main Results:

  • Preferred step frequency (PSF) was slightly lower than optimal step frequency (OSF) at comfortable speeds (165 vs. 171 steps/min).
  • Both PSF and OSF increased with higher running speeds.
  • Adjusting PSF to OSF predicted only minor heart rate reductions (median 0.5 beats/min) for most participants.

Conclusions:

  • Experienced recreational runners' preferred step frequency is slightly below their optimal frequency outdoors.
  • The physiological benefit (heart rate reduction) of matching preferred to optimal step frequency is minimal for most runners.
  • Body height was negatively correlated with step frequency.