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Physcomitrella STEMIN transcription factor induces stem cell formation with epigenetic reprogramming.

Masaki Ishikawa1,2,3, Mio Morishita4,5, Yohei Higuchi4,6,7

  • 1Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan. ishikam@nibb.ac.jp.

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Summary

Land plants can reprogram differentiated cells into stem cells. The transcription factor STEMIN1 reduces repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) marks, initiating stem cell formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications like histone modifications maintain cell identity by stabilizing gene expression.
  • Plants can regenerate stem cells from differentiated cells, suggesting a capacity for epigenetic memory regulation.
  • Mechanisms for localized epigenetic control of specific gene changes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how epigenetic modifications are locally regulated to induce cell fate changes in plants.
  • To understand the role of the AP2/ERF transcription factor STEMIN1 in initiating stem cell formation.

Main Methods:

  • Ectopic induction of STEMIN1 in leaf cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens.
  • Analysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) marks on target genes.
  • Observation of cell division and differentiation following STEMIN1 induction.

Main Results:

  • Ectopic STEMIN1 induction decreased H3K27me3 on its direct target genes in leaf cells.
  • This epigenetic reprogramming preceded cell division and resulted in leaf cell conversion to chloronema apical stem cells.
  • STEMIN1 and its homologs promote secondary stem cell formation during development.

Conclusions:

  • STEMIN1 plays a crucial role in initiating stem cell formation by locally reprogramming H3K27me3.
  • This study reveals an intrinsic mechanism for epigenetic memory regulation in plant development and regeneration.