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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Acid-Base Titration Curves02:23

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A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
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Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band
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A new EPR dosimeter based on glutamic acid for radiation processing application.

W B Beshir1, Yasser S Soliman2, A A Abdel-Fattah1

  • 1National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, P.O. Box 8029, Cairo, Egypt.

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics
|July 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

L-Glutamic acid (L-GA) pellets show promise as dosimeters for radiation measurement. Their performance is comparable to alanine, with negligible humidity effects and a lower temperature coefficient, making them suitable for food irradiation and sterilization.

Keywords:
EPR spectroscopyElectron paramagnetic resonanceL-Glutamic acidPellet dosimeterRadiation dosimetry

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation dosimetry
  • Material science

Background:

  • Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a technique used for radiation dosimetry.
  • Alanine pellets are a standard dosimeter material, but alternatives are sought for specific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate L-Glutamic acid (L-GA) pellets and powder as potential dosimeters for high-dose radiation applications.
  • To compare the performance of L-GA dosimeters with established materials like alanine.

Main Methods:

  • Irradiation of L-GA pellets and powder in the dose range of 0.1-150 kGy.
  • Analysis of EPR spectra to determine absorbed dose.
  • Evaluation of temperature and humidity effects on dosimeter response.
  • Assessment of response stability over time.

Main Results:

  • L-GA pellets exhibited an eight-line EPR signal, with intensity proportional to absorbed dose.
  • L-GA pellets showed similar performance to alanine pellets regarding energy-absorption coefficients.
  • L-GA pellets had a lower temperature coefficient (-0.08%/°C) than alanine (0.14%/°C).
  • Humidity influence on L-GA pellet response was negligible (approx. 2% change up to 94% RH).
  • L-GA powder response stabilized in 4 hours, while pellets stabilized in 22 hours.
  • Response stability was observed for 47 days for powder and 8 days for pellets.
  • Overall uncertainties were 5.1% (0.1-15 kGy) and 3.9% (15-150 kGy).

Conclusions:

  • L-Glutamic acid (L-GA) pellets are a promising material for quantifying radiation doses.
  • L-GA pellets are suitable for applications in food irradiation, medical sterilization, and polymer modification.
  • Further studies on long-term stability and routine application protocols are recommended.