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Is Synaesthesia More Prevalent in Autism Spectrum Conditions? Only Where There Is Prodigious Talent.

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Synaesthesia is more common in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) but only when they also exhibit savant skills. This suggests synaesthesia is linked to prodigious talent in autism, not autism itself.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Savant syndrome, characterized by exceptional abilities alongside developmental challenges like autism spectrum conditions (ASC), has been tentatively linked to synaesthesia.
  • Previous research suggested a higher prevalence of synaesthesia in individuals with autism, but did not differentiate based on the presence of savant skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether synaesthesia is more prevalent in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) generally, or specifically in individuals with ASC who also possess savant skills.
  • To clarify the relationship between synaesthesia, autism spectrum conditions (ASC), and the development of savant syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) was divided into two groups: those with savant skills (n=40) and those without (n=34).
  • A control group without autism (n=29) was also included.
  • Grapheme-colour synaesthesia was diagnosed using a validated assessment tool across all three groups.

Main Results:

  • A significantly higher prevalence of grapheme-colour synaesthesia was observed in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) who also demonstrated savant skills.
  • No significant difference in synaesthesia prevalence was found between individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) without savant skills and the control group.

Conclusions:

  • The findings indicate that synaesthesia is not more common in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) per se, but is specifically associated with the subset of individuals who exhibit savant skills.
  • This suggests that synaesthesia may play a role in the emergence of prodigious talents observed in savant syndrome within the context of autism.