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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Designing CAD/CAM Surgical Guides for Maxillary Reconstruction Using an In-house Approach
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Reconstructing the Face of War.

Scott J Farber1, Kerry P Latham2, Rami S Kantar3

  • 1University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7844, San Antonio, TX.

Military Medicine
|July 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Combat operations increase high-energy craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries. This study reviews reconstructive surgical management for these severe combat wounds, highlighting microsurgery applications and civilian-military collaboration for optimal patient care.

Keywords:
CMF ReconstructionCMF TraumaFacial ReconstructionFacial TraumaMicrosurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Military Medicine

Background:

  • Combat operations result in a rise of high-energy craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries.
  • These injuries present unique challenges including extensive tissue loss, necrosis, and comminuted fractures.
  • War-related CMF trauma differs from civilian injuries due to limited donor sites and patient-specific functional considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case series of patients with severe combat-related CMF injuries treated at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC).
  • To detail the surgical management, postoperative course, and outcomes of these complex CMF injuries.
  • To review reconstructive algorithms for CMF injuries and emphasize civilian-military collaboration.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of four patients with combat-sustained CMF injuries treated at WRNMMC.
  • Surgical management by the CMF team, including detailed postoperative course and outcome illustration.
  • Supplementation with reconstructive algorithms for civilian avulsive injuries.

Main Results:

  • Presentation of four cases highlighting surgical management and outcomes of severe combat-related CMF injuries.
  • Demonstration of microsurgery's role in reconstructing combat-sustained CMF wounds.
  • Illustrative patient images showcasing achieved outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Management of military CMF injuries offers opportunities to apply civilian reconstructive principles.
  • Microsurgery has become integral in reconstructing CMF wounds sustained during the War on Terror.
  • Effective communication between civilian and military surgical communities is crucial for managing complex CMF injuries.