Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

22.8K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
22.8K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

19.8K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
19.8K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

14.7K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
14.7K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

20.7K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
20.7K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

49.2K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
49.2K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

29.7K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
29.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of Nb<sup>5+</sup> Doping on Structural, Electronic, and Antibacterial Properties of Hydroxyapatite.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Design of a High-Performance Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystal via a Multiple Flexible-Group Synergistic Polarization Strategy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Investigation of topological nodal line phonons in rhenium-based alkali metal oxides (AReO<sub>4</sub>; A = Na, K, and Rb) using first principles methods.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Uranium tetrafluoride <i>via</i> direct conversion of uranium dioxide using silver bifluoride in an ionic liquid medium.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Phase Diagram and Compositional Studies of Sc<sub>2-x-y</sub>Fe<sub>x</sub>Al<sub>y</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>: Discovery of New Zero and Low Thermal Expansion Materials.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2026
Same author

Temperature- and Pressure-Dependent Symmetry-Breaking Transitions in K<sub>2</sub>IrCl<sub>6</sub>.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Green-Light-Activated Ru(II)-Anthraquinone Photocatalyst: Evaluation of Catalytic NADH/NADPH Photooxidation and Redox-Mediated Photocytotoxicity.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Tuning Au Reactivity Beyond Canonical Targets: Ligand-Driven Au(I) Metalation of Lysine Residues in Hen Egg White Lysozyme.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Ligand-Induced Modulation of Photoluminescence in Atomically Precise Silver Nanoclusters.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Structure-Dependent Interfacial Electronic Behavior in CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Heterostructures: Theoretical and Experimental Insights.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Macro- and Mesoporous Graphene-MXene Architectures Decorated with Rhodium Nanocrystals for Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysis.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Halogen-Electronegativity Tuning Induces Symmetry Breaking and Polarity Activation in Chiral Zinc Halide Hybrids.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.4K

Structures and Phase Transitions in Pertechnetates.

Brendan J Kennedy1, Sean Injac1, Gordon J Thorogood2

  • 1School of Chemistry , F11 The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia.

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the structural changes in four pertechnetates (Ag, Tl, Rb, Cs) using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. RbTcO4 and CsTcO4 exhibit unique phase transitions with temperature, revealing insights into pertechnetate chemistry.

More Related Videos

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
07:14

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

6.5K
Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.4K
Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
07:14

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

6.5K
Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Understanding the structural behavior of metal pertechnetates is crucial for predicting their properties and applications.
  • Previous studies have explored related rhenium oxides, but pertechnetates show distinct structural responses to temperature.
  • The scheelite structure and its distortions are common motifs in related inorganic compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temperature-dependent structural evolution of silver, thallium, rubidium, and cesium pertechnetates.
  • To characterize phase transitions and their relationship to the orientation of the pertechnetate (TcO4-) anion.
  • To compare the structural behavior of pertechnetates with analogous rhenium oxides.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron X-ray diffraction was employed to collect structural data.
  • Measurements were conducted across a temperature range from 90 K to the melting points of the compounds.
  • Crystallographic analysis was used to determine structural phases and transitions.

Main Results:

  • RbTcO4 undergoes a tetragonal to tetragonal phase transition (I4(1)/a to I4(1)/amd) around 530 K, linked to TcO4- orientation changes.
  • AgTcO4 retains its tetragonal scheelite structure from 90 K up to its melting point (750 K).
  • CsTcO4 transforms from an orthorhombic pseudo-scheelite to a tetragonal structure (Pnma to I4(1)/a) near 430 K.
  • TlTcO4 exhibits an intermediate orthorhombic phase during its orthorhombic to tetragonal transformation.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals diverse temperature-dependent structural behaviors among the investigated pertechnetates.
  • Phase transitions in RbTcO4 and CsTcO4 are associated with specific changes in the TcO4- anion's arrangement.
  • The distinct structural pathways of TlTcO4 highlight differences compared to TlReO4, emphasizing system-specific chemistry.