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A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
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Does baseline concussion testing aid in identifying future concussion risk?

Jaclyn B Caccese1, Kassandra E Johns2, Jody L Langdon2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware , Newark, NJ, USA.

Research in Sports Medicine (Print)
|July 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pre-season baseline concussion assessments, including ImPACT, BESS, and SAC, did not show differences between student-athletes who later experienced concussions and those who did not. These tests cannot predict future sport-related concussions.

Keywords:
ImPACTPreventionmild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)neuromuscular control

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sport-related concussions (SRCs) pose a significant risk to student-athletes.
  • Predictive baseline assessments are crucial for identifying at-risk individuals.
  • Previous research has explored the utility of various neurocognitive and balance tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pre-season baseline performance differences in student-athletes who subsequently experienced SRCs versus those who did not.
  • To determine if standard baseline concussion assessments can predict future SRCs.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of collegiate student-athletes (82 future SRC, 82 matched controls) underwent baseline testing.
  • Tests included Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC).
  • Independent t-tests and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences were found between the future SRC and control groups across all ImPACT composite scores (Visual Memory, Verbal Memory, Reaction Time, Visual Motor Speed).
  • There were no significant differences in Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) total errors or Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) scores between the groups.
  • ROC analyses yielded areas-under-the-curve between 0.417-0.515, indicating poor predictive ability.

Conclusions:

  • Current pre-season baseline concussion assessment tools (ImPACT, BESS, SAC) are not effective in predicting which student-athletes are likely to sustain a future sport-related concussion.
  • Further research is needed to identify more reliable predictors of SRC risk in student-athletes.