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Age moderates the relationship between cortical thickness and cognitive performance.

Marianne de Chastelaine1, Brian E Donley1, Kristen M Kennedy1

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cortical thickness decreases with age, varying by brain region.
  • Cortical thickness correlates with cognitive abilities.
  • Understanding age-related changes in brain structure and cognition is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between age, mean cortical thickness, and associative recognition memory.
  • To explore how head motion influences these relationships across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving three age groups (younger, middle-aged, older adults; n=133).
  • Semi-automated measurement of mean cortical thickness using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Assessment of associative recognition performance and cognitive constructs via neuropsychological testing.

Main Results:

  • Older age correlated with reduced memory performance and mean cortical thickness.
  • Mean cortical thickness showed a negative association with memory in younger adults, but a positive association in older adults.
  • Head motion negatively impacted memory in younger and middle-aged adults, but not older adults.

Conclusions:

  • The association between cortical thickness and cognitive performance reverses across the lifespan.
  • Age-related differences in brain structure and cognitive function are complex.
  • Head motion is an important factor to consider in cognitive aging research.