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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Low-stress Route Learning Using the Lashley III Maze in Mice

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Published on: May 22, 2010

Bumblebees learn foraging routes through exploitation-exploration cycles.

Jackelyn M Kembro^1,2,3, Mathieu Lihoreau⁴, Joan Garriga³

¹1 Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos and Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

|July 11, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bumblebees use varied strategies to balance foraging efficiency and exploration. Even experienced bees adapt their routes, demonstrating behavioral flexibility for optimal resource acquisition and environmental adaptation.

Keywords:

bumblebees exploration–exploitation trade-off movement ecology t-Stochastic Neighbouring Embedding trapline foraging

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Area of Science:

Movement ecology
Animal behavior
Foraging strategies

Background:

Understanding how animals learn and navigate is crucial in movement ecology.
Pollinators face challenges in efficiently exploiting replenishing nectar resources and discovering new food sources.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze bumblebee foraging patterns and identify distinct behavioral strategies.
To understand how bumblebees balance exploiting known resources with searching for new ones.

Main Methods:

Statistical analysis of published bumblebee foraging data.
Application of behavioral mapping with t-Stochastic Neighboring Embedding (t-SNE).
Utilizing Shannon entropy to quantify behavioral variability.

Main Results:

Bumblebees modulate foraging trips into distinct strategies: exploiting local resources, searching for new ones, and using learned sequences.
Experienced bees integrate these strategies even after finding efficient routes.
Behavioral variability observed in bumblebees suggests a dynamic trade-off between exploration and exploitation.

Conclusions:

Bumblebee foraging behavior is characterized by a flexible modulation of strategies.
This behavioral variability aids in balancing energy costs and benefits.
Flexibility facilitates adaptation to environmental changes and integration of profitable resources.