Pleural Effusion I: Introduction
Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management
Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls
Lung Capacity
Pleura of the Lungs
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
Published on: November 10, 2023
Thomas Lesser1, Torsten Doenst, Thomas Lehmann
1Department of Thoracic-and Vascular Surgery, Lung Cancer Center DKG, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Germany; Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer Science, and Data Science, University Hospital Jena, Germany.
Omitting chest tubes after video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy significantly reduces hospital stays and postoperative pain. Complication rates remain similar between groups, making it a viable option for lung nodule evaluation.
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