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Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
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The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
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Related Experiment Video

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Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization
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How to make a haploid male.

Laura Ross1, Nicholas G Davies2, Andy Gardner3

  • 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JT United Kingdom.

Evolution Letters
|July 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Haplodiploidy, a reproductive system where males are haploid, is facilitated by male heterogamety sex determination. Inbreeding does not hinder its evolution due to a beneficial sex-ratio effect favoring granddaughters.

Keywords:
Kin selectionhaplodiploidyinbreedingmale heterogametypopulation geneticssex chromosomesex determination

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Haplodiploidy, common in invertebrates, is linked to inbreeding.
  • The evolution of female haplodiploidy and the role of inbreeding remain debated.
  • Mechanisms of sex determination's influence on male haploidy are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically analyze the origin and invasion of male haploidy.
  • To investigate the impact of various sex-determination mechanisms and inbreeding levels.
  • To understand how sex determination modulates the costs/benefits of male haploidy.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of male haploidy evolution.
  • Examination across diverse sex-determination systems.
  • Assessment of varying sib-mating rates.

Main Results:

  • Male haploidy is favored by male heterogamety sex determination systems.
  • Inbreeding does not inhibit male haploidy evolution.
  • A sex-ratio effect, favoring granddaughters, benefits evolution under inbreeding.

Conclusions:

  • Male heterogamety facilitates the evolution of male haploidy.
  • Inbreeding's impact is mitigated by a positive sex-ratio effect.
  • Empirical data support theoretical predictions across haplodiploids.