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Related Concept Videos

Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean01:25

Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean

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A point estimate of the population mean is obtained from a single sample. Such a point estimate does not represent a population well because it needs to account for variability in the population. Single point estimate can also be biased despite the sample being selected randomly. Thus, a point estimate is often unreliable. A confidence interval is needed to reduce this unreliability.
A confidence interval for the mean is a range of values that provides an estimate of the population mean. As the...
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Estimating Population Standard Deviation01:26

Estimating Population Standard Deviation

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When the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is large, the sample standard deviation s is commonly used as a point estimate of σ. However, it can sometimes under or overestimate the population standard deviation. To overcome this drawback, confidence intervals are determined to estimate population parameters and eliminate any calculation bias accurately. However, this only applies to random samples from normally distributed populations. Knowing the sample mean and...
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Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation01:16

Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation

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To construct a confidence interval for a single unknown population mean μ, where the population standard deviation is known, we need sample mean as an estimate for μ and we need the margin of error. Here, the margin of error (EBM) is called the error bound for a population mean (abbreviated EBM). The sample mean is the point estimate of the unknown population mean μ.
The confidence interval estimate will have the form as follows:
(point estimate - error bound, point estimate +...
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Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter01:26

Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter

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The accurate values of population parameters such as population proportion, population mean, and population standard deviation (or variance) are usually unknown. These are fixed values that can only be estimated from the data collected from the samples. The estimates of each of these parameters are sample proportion, the sample mean, and sample standard deviation (or variance). To obtain the values of these sample statistics, data are required that have particular distribution and central...
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Estimating Population Mean with Unknown Standard Deviation01:22

Estimating Population Mean with Unknown Standard Deviation

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In practice, we rarely know the population standard deviation. In the past, when the sample size was large, this did not present a problem to statisticians. They used the sample standard deviation s as an estimate for σ and proceeded as before to calculate a confidence interval with close enough results. However, statisticians ran into problems when the sample size was small. A small sample size caused inaccuracies in the confidence interval.
William S. Gosset (1876–1937) of the...
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Prediction Intervals01:03

Prediction Intervals

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The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y. 
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Folate reference interval estimation in the Dutch general population.

Michel J Vos1,2, L Joost van Pelt2, Maarten B Kok3

  • 1Isala Hospital, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zwolle, the Netherlands.

Practical Laboratory Medicine
|July 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new folate reference interval of 7.3-38.5 nmol/L was established for the Dutch population. This updated range, based on restandardized assays, helps accurately assess folate status and identify deficiencies.

Keywords:
FolateFolic acidHomocysteineOne-carbon metabolismReference interval

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Folate is crucial for DNA synthesis and methylation, acting as a co-factor in one-carbon metabolism.
  • Inadequate folate intake can lead to adverse health outcomes.
  • Accurate folate status assessment relies on well-defined reference intervals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a new folate reference interval for the Dutch population following the restandardization of the Roche folate assay.
  • To ensure accurate interpretation of folate status by aligning with international standards.

Main Methods:

  • Folate reference interval estimation using samples from the Dutch Lifelines cohort.
  • Employed nonparametric estimation with bootstrap resampling and gamma distribution fitting.
  • Verified the lower reference limit using folate and homocysteine measurements in a patient cohort.

Main Results:

  • The lower reference limit varied from 6.8 to 7.3 nmol/L, and the upper limit ranged from 26 to 38.5 nmol/L.
  • A lower limit of 7.3 nmol/L indicated folate deficiencies in 9.6% to 15.5% of individuals over 12 months.
  • The proposed age-independent interval is 7.3-38.5 nmol/L.

Conclusions:

  • A robust folate reference interval for the Dutch population was estimated, unaffected by folic acid fortification.
  • The lower reference limit was validated through homocysteine measurements.
  • The study proposes an age-independent folate reference interval of 7.3-38.5 nmol/L for improved clinical interpretation.