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Prevalence of Medication Errors Among Paediatric Inpatients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Peter J Gates1, Melissa T Baysari2, Madlen Gazarian3

  • 1Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia. Peter.gates@mq.edu.au.

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Medication errors are common in pediatric hospital care. Electronic charts may reduce errors compared to paper, but more research is needed to confirm their impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric patient safety
  • Medication error research
  • Health informatics

Background:

  • Medication errors pose a significant risk in pediatric inpatient settings.
  • Previous prevalence estimates lack standardization regarding error identification methods, definitions, and chart types (electronic vs. paper).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of medication errors in pediatric inpatients.
  • To provide separate prevalence estimates based on hospital ward and chart type.
  • To address heterogeneity in error identification methods and definitions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of five databases for studies from January 2000 to December 2018.
  • Inclusion of studies assessing medication error rates via chart audit, direct observation, or combined methods.
  • Analysis of 71 identified studies, with 19 focusing on pediatric wards using electronic charts.

Main Results:

  • Medication error prevalence varied by ward type.
  • Studies using electronic charts in pediatric wards generally reported lower error prevalence than those using paper charts.
  • Error detection methods influenced administration error rates, but definitions of medication error did not consistently impact reported rates.

Conclusions:

  • Medication errors frequently occur in pediatric inpatient settings, especially in intensive care and emergency departments.
  • Hospitals utilizing electronic charts demonstrated a trend toward lower medication error rates compared to those using paper charts.
  • Further controlled research is essential to ascertain the definitive impact of electronic charts and other interventions on pediatric medication errors and harm.