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Shoulder Stiffness - How to Treat?

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Shoulder stiffness, a limitation in arm movement, is best treated with tailored conservative therapy, including corticosteroid injections and rehabilitation. Surgery may be an option for persistent cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Shoulder stiffness involves restricted glenohumeral range of motion.
  • It can occur spontaneously or secondary to shoulder surgery.
  • Various treatment approaches exist, necessitating evidence-based guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current conservative and operative treatments for shoulder stiffness.
  • To discuss high-level evidence for guiding clinical practice.
  • To provide insights into managing shoulder stiffness effectively.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies with high-level evidence on shoulder stiffness treatment.
  • Analysis of conservative and operative management strategies.
  • Synthesis of findings to inform clinical decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Conservative therapy, a multimodal and activity-oriented program, is the primary treatment.
  • Intra-articular corticosteroid injections offer safe, effective, and immediate benefits when combined with rehabilitation.
  • Arthroscopic arthrolysis and capsular release are options for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment should be individualized based on patient's clinical situation and pathology stage.
  • Goals include pain reduction, range of motion restoration, functional recovery, and symptom duration shortening.
  • Addressing risk factors is crucial to prevent recurrence of shoulder stiffness.