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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney01:18

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering and cleaning blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte levels. To perform these essential functions, they require a constant and robust blood supply.
Bloody Supply to the Kidneys:
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Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents
07:18

Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents

Published on: March 26, 2016

Joint UK societies' 2019 consensus statement on renal denervation.

Melvin D Lobo1,2, Andrew S P Sharp3,4, Vikas Kapil1,2

  • 1William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)
|July 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Renal denervation (RDN) offers a potential non-drug treatment for hypertension, showing short-term blood pressure reduction in trials. Further research is needed before widespread clinical use, as recommended by UK societies.

Keywords:
hypertensioninterventional cardiology and endovascular procedures

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Hypertension management is a global priority, with lifestyle changes and antihypertensive drugs being standard treatments.
  • Patient adherence to long-term medication and lifestyle modifications remains a significant challenge in hypertension control.
  • Endovascular renal denervation (RDN) is an emerging non-pharmacological therapy targeting renal sympathetic nerves to lower blood pressure.

Framework:

  • Initial studies on RDN were limited by non-randomized designs and small sample sizes.
  • Recent sham-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have improved study rigor, demonstrating short-term ambulatory blood pressure reduction.
  • These RCTs have shown no significant safety concerns in both medication-naïve and medication-treated hypertensive patients.

Implementation:

  • RDN utilizes radiofrequency energy or ultrasound to achieve renal sympathectomy.
  • The procedure has been evaluated in human clinical trials since 2009.
  • Current guidelines recommend RDN only within clinical trial contexts, pending further evaluation.

Implications:

  • RDN presents a promising alternative or adjunct to pharmacological and lifestyle interventions for hypertension.
  • Further rigorous clinical trials are essential to establish the long-term efficacy and safety of RDN.
  • A clear research agenda is needed to guide future studies and inform clinical practice guidelines regarding RDN.