Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Variation?01:14

What is Variation?

17.6K
Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
17.6K
Variation01:19

Variation

7.7K
An important characteristic of any set of data is the variation in the data. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in other data sets, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean. The most common measure of variation, or spread, is the standard deviation, which is the square root of variance.
When independent and dependent variables are plotted on a scatter plot, the slope of a line is a value that describes the rate of change between the two...
7.7K
Beams01:30

Beams

1.8K
Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
1.8K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.7K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.7K
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

4.1K
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
4.1K
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

18.6K
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
18.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tunable phase-change metasurfaces coupled with mid-infrared molecular vibrations.

Nanotechnology·2025
Same author

Atomically Thin Nonlinear Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Holograms.

Nano letters·2019
Same author

Orbital angular momentum transformation of optical vortex with aluminum metasurfaces.

Scientific reports·2019
Same author

Second-harmonic optical vortex conversion from WS<sub>2</sub> monolayer.

Scientific reports·2019
Same author

Spontaneous emission rate enhancement with aperiodic Thue-Morse multilayer.

Scientific reports·2019
Same author

3D Janus plasmonic helical nanoapertures for polarization-encrypted data storage.

Light, science & applications·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
09:33

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

6.6K

Spatial variation of vector vortex beams with plasmonic metasurfaces.

Yuchao Zhang1, Jie Gao2, Xiaodong Yang3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.

Scientific Reports
|July 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrate spatial variation of vector vortex beams using plasmonic metasurfaces. This method allows for arbitrary polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) control, enabling new optical applications.

More Related Videos

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

10.3K
Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics
09:12

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Published on: May 28, 2016

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
09:33

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

6.6K
Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

10.3K
Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics
09:12

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Published on: May 28, 2016

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Metasurface Technology
  • Beam Shaping

Background:

  • Vector vortex beams possess complex polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) properties.
  • Controlling the spatial variation of these beams is crucial for advanced optical applications.
  • Plasmonic metasurfaces offer a powerful platform for manipulating light properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the spatial variation of vector vortex beams with arbitrary polarization states and OAM values.
  • To utilize metasurfaces with geometric phase profiles derived from caustic theory for beam control.
  • To analyze the evolution of beam characteristics along propagation.

Main Methods:

  • Designing and fabricating plasmonic metasurfaces with specific geometric phase profiles.
  • Generating vector vortex beams by superposing component vortices with different helical phase charges.
  • Simultaneously generating these component vortices off-axially using a single metasurface.
  • Analyzing the intensity profile, polarization distribution, and OAM evolution over propagation distance.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of spatial variation in vector vortex beams with arbitrary polarization and OAM.
  • Vector vortex beams generated by superposition of deflected circularly polarized component vortices.
  • Detailed analysis of intensity, polarization, and OAM evolution along the beam path.
  • Metasurfaces enable simultaneous off-axial generation of component vortices.

Conclusions:

  • Arbitrary space-variant vector vortex beams can be achieved using plasmonic metasurfaces.
  • This technique provides precise control over beam properties along propagation.
  • The demonstrated beams have potential applications in spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, optical communication, and particle manipulation.