Cardiometabolic comorbidities in RA and PsA: lessons learned and future directions

Cardiometabolic comorbidities present a considerable burden for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Both RA and PsA are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). PsA more often exhibits an increased risk of metabolically linked comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although both RA and PsA are characterized by a state of chronic inflammation, the mechanisms that contribute to CVD risk in these conditions might not be identical. In RA, systemic inflammation is thought to directly contribute to CVD risk, whereas in PsA, adiposity is thought to contribute to a notable metabolic phenotype that, in turn, contributes to CVD risk. Hence, appropriate management strategies that consider the increased risk of cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with inflammatory arthropathy are important. In RA, such strategies should focus on the prediction of CVD risk and its management through targeting chronic inflammation and traditional CVD risk factors. In PsA, management strategies should additionally focus on targeting metabolic components, including weight management, which might not only help improve disease activity in the joints, entheses and skin, but also reduce the risk of metabolic comorbidities and improve the quality of life of patients.