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Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues.

Urszula Kozlowska1, Agnieszka Krawczenko1, Katarzyna Futoma1

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Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from different tissues vary in biological activity during long-term culture. Bone marrow and adipose tissue MSCs show more stable properties, suggesting them as viable alternatives for regenerative medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are key in regenerative medicine, with diverse tissue origins.
  • MSC biological properties vary by source, impacting clinical applications.
  • Understanding MSCs' tissue-specific characteristics is crucial for research and therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and compare the biological activity of MSCs from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue (AT-MSCs), skeletal muscle (SM-MSCs), and skin (SK-MSCs) during long-term culture.

Main Methods:

  • MSCs were cultured for 10 passages and assessed for phenotype, multipotency, stemness markers (Sox2, Oct4), and genetic stability (p53, c-Myc).
  • Proangiogenic marker CD146 and differentiation marker PW1 expression were analyzed.
  • Secretion of 27 bioactive factors was screened, and spontaneous fusion was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • All MSCs maintained a basic phenotype, though marker expression varied with culture duration and tissue source.
  • BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs demonstrated superior phenotype maintenance, differentiation capacity, and stemness marker expression.
  • AT-MSCs showed potential as an alternative to BM-MSCs due to functional similarities and fusion capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term culture significantly impacts MSC biological activity, with source-dependent variations.
  • Tissue origin and passage number are critical factors for MSCs in regenerative medicine applications.