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Related Concept Videos

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

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Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
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Feedback Loops01:01

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In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
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Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

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Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
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Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems01:23

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The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
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Regression Toward the Mean01:52

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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

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Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
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Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
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Dynamically enhancing plaque targeting via a positive feedback loop using multifunctional biomimetic nanoparticles

Cuiping Jiang1, Zitong Qi1, Wanhua He1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|July 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces novel nanoparticles that target atherosclerotic plaques, promoting plaque regression and reducing macrophage accumulation. These biomimetic nanoparticles offer a new therapeutic strategy for managing atherosclerosis.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisDual-targetingNanocarrierPlaque regressionPlaque targetingPositive feedback loop

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis requires a shift from prevention to plaque regression.
  • Current therapies have limitations in addressing atherosclerotic burden.
  • Novel nanoplatforms are needed for targeted atherosclerotic plaque treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dual-targeting, multifunctional nanoplatform for atherosclerotic plaque regression.
  • To investigate the efficacy of a biomimetic core-shell nanoparticle system.
  • To explore a positive feedback loop for enhanced plaque targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a core-shell nanoplatform mimicking high-density lipoprotein (rHDL).
  • Incorporated SR-A siRNA, catalase, and pitavastatin for dual targeting (SR-BI, CD36).
  • Evaluated nanoparticle accumulation and plaque regression in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced CD36 targeting in plaques via a positive feedback loop.
  • Accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques increased 3.3-fold after 4 weeks.
  • A 3-month regimen reduced plaque area by 65.8% and macrophages by 57.3%.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a novel multifunctional biomimetic nanoparticle for atherosclerosis treatment.
  • The nanoplatform achieved dynamic plaque targeting and regression.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy to alleviate atherosclerotic burden.