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Consciousness as a concrete physical phenomenon.

Jussi Jylkkä¹, Henry Railo²

¹Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Fabriksgatan 2, 20500 Turku, Finland; Turku Brain and Mind Center, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland.

Consciousness and Cognition

|July 12, 2019

Summary

Consciousness research can directly observe subjective experiences, not just neural correlates. This framework enables scientific modeling of experiences as concrete physical phenomena, advancing consciousness studies.

Keywords:

Constitutive mechanisms of consciousness Empirical observation Epistemic gap Hard problem of consciousness Model-dependent realism Neural correlates of consciousness Philosophy of science Russellian Monism Scientific models

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Philosophy of Mind
Cognitive Science

Background:

Traditional empirical approaches to consciousness focus on observable neural correlates, not subjective experiences themselves.
A significant challenge in consciousness research is the perceived inability to directly study subjective experience.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a metatheoretical framework for the empirical study of consciousness.
To argue that subjective experiences are observable and scientifically modelable phenomena.
To address the epistemic gap between subjective experience and its neural models.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of the relationship between phenomena and their scientific models.
Philosophical argumentation regarding the nature of experience and scientific representation.
Development of a metatheoretical perspective on consciousness research.

Main Results:

Subjective experiences are proposed as concrete physical phenomena capable of causal interaction.
The epistemic gap is reframed as the distinction between a phenomenon and its theoretical model.
Neuroscientific theories are considered literal models of subjective experiences.

Conclusions:

A robust basis for the empirical study of consciousness is established.
Subjective experiences can be directly observed and scientifically modeled.
This approach reconciles subjective experience with objective scientific investigation.