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Association Between Weight Status and Executive Function in Young Adults.

Mohammad Narimani1, Samad Esmaeilzadeh2, Liane B Azevedo3

  • 1University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Psychology, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran. narimani@uma.ac.ir.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|July 13, 2019
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Young adults with low body fat showed poorer working memory, while high body fat was linked to worse inhibitory control. Greater skeletal muscle mass may enhance executive function.

Keywords:
fat percentageinhibitory controlobesityskeletal muscle massunderweightworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functions are crucial cognitive processes.
  • Weight status, including adiposity and body composition, may influence cognitive abilities.
  • Understanding these relationships is important for public health and individual well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between weight status and executive function in young adults.
  • To determine how adiposity and body composition relate to inhibitory control and working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-seven young males (17-26 years) were assessed for adiposity and body composition.
  • Executive functions, including inhibitory control and working memory, were measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB).
  • Statistical analyses included multiple linear regression and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

Main Results:

  • Underweight participants exhibited inferior working memory compared to normal weight or overweight peers.
  • Higher adiposity (highest fat quartile) was associated with worse inhibitory control.
  • Lower adiposity (lowest fat quartile) was linked to poorer working memory.
  • Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) showed a significant association with reaction time on go trials.

Conclusions:

  • Low adiposity is linked to diminished working memory capacity.
  • High adiposity is associated with impaired inhibitory control.
  • Optimal executive function in young adults may be associated with normal adiposity and greater skeletal muscle mass.