Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026
06:49
Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension
Published on: January 10, 2014
28.0K
How Comprehensive Are Media-Based Data on Police Officer-Involved Shootings?
Valerio Baćak1, Joshua Gary Mausolf2, Christiane Schwarz2
1Rutgers University-Newark, NJ, USA.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|July 13, 2019
Summary
Media and public efforts to track officer-involved shootings (OIS) are valuable but limited. Data comparison shows higher accuracy for fatal shootings than non-fatal incidents.
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Public Health
- Data Science
Background:
- Government agencies lack systematic data collection on officer-involved shootings (OIS).
- Public and news agencies have assumed data collection through journalistic reporting and crowdsourcing.
- The comprehensiveness of media-based OIS datasets is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the comprehensiveness of media-based OIS datasets with official police data.
- To assess the accuracy of crowdsourced and journalistic OIS incident tracking.
Main Methods:
- Compared data from three major media-based OIS websites.
- Validated against official OIS data from five police departments (Dallas, Denver, Jacksonville, Orlando, Knoxville).
Main Results:
- A higher rate of matches was found for fatal shootings compared to discrepancies.
- A significantly lower rate of matches was observed for non-fatal shootings.
- Media-based datasets show limitations in accurately capturing all OIS incidents, particularly non-fatal ones.
Conclusions:
- Media-based and crowdsourced data collection for OIS incidents are useful but limited alternatives.
- Systematic government recording and reporting of OIS incidents remain essential.
- Findings support the need for improved official data collection on officer-involved shootings.
Related Concept Videos
03:02Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots
60.2K
Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
60.2K
01:26Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
1.3K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.3K
01:27Microbial Growth Media
1.4K
Microbial growth media are essential tools in microbiology, providing the nutrients and conditions necessary to cultivate and study microorganisms. These media are categorized by their composition, consistency, and functional roles, enabling researchers to investigate microbial physiology, behavior, and interactions.Types and Consistencies of Growth MediaGrowth media can be solid, liquid, or semisolid. Solid media, often agar-based, allow visible colony growth for isolation and enumeration.
1.4K
00:59How Data are Classified: Numerical Data
37.0K
Data that are countable or measurable in specific units are called numerical or quantitative data. Quantitative data are always numbers. Quantitative data are the result of counting or measuring the attributes of a population. Amount of money, pulse rate, weight, number of people living in a town, and number of students who opt for statistics are examples of quantitative data.
Quantitative data may be either discrete or continuous. All quantitative data that take on only specific numerical...
Quantitative data may be either discrete or continuous. All quantitative data that take on only specific numerical...
37.0K
01:11How Data are Classified: Categorical Data
43.0K
A variable, usually notated by capital letters such as X and Y, is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population. Data are the actual values of variables. They may be numbers, or they may be words. Datum is a single value.
Data are classified based on whether they are measurable or not. Categorical data cannot be measured; instead, it can be divided into categories. For example, if Y denotes a person's party affiliation, some examples of Y include...
Data are classified based on whether they are measurable or not. Categorical data cannot be measured; instead, it can be divided into categories. For example, if Y denotes a person's party affiliation, some examples of Y include...
43.0K
01:24Data Reporting and Recording
5.4K
Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
5.4K