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CD14: Biology and role in the pathogenesis of disease

Zhenghao Wu1, Zhenxiong Zhang2, Zehua Lei3

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|July 13, 2019
PubMed

Insights

CD14, a key immune receptor, acts as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and co-receptor for TLRs. Recent findings reveal its multifaceted roles in myeloid cell regulation and disease pathogenesis, highlighting therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Human monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) crucial for innate immunity.
  • Initially identified as a monocyte marker, its signaling capacity was debated due to the absence of an intracellular tail.
  • CD14 is now recognized as a co-receptor for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the basic biology of CD14.
  • To summarize CD14's structure, ligand binding, and signaling pathways.
  • To discuss CD14's roles in inflammation, atherosclerosis, cancer, and metabolic diseases, and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on CD14.
  • Analysis of CD14's structure-function relationships.
  • Synthesis of data on CD14's involvement in various disease models.

Main Results:

  • CD14 activates NFAT independently of TLR4, regulating myeloid cell lifecycles.
  • CD14 transports inflammatory lipids, leading to phagocyte hyperactivation.
  • CD14 is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation, atherosclerosis, tumors, and metabolic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • CD14 is a versatile receptor with diverse signaling capabilities beyond TLR co-receptor functions.
  • Understanding CD14's complex roles is essential for developing targeted therapies for related diseases.
  • Further research into CD14's mechanisms offers significant therapeutic opportunities.
Keywords:
CD14Innate immunityPattern recognition receptorToll like receptor

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