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Related Concept Videos

Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

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Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

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The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

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The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...
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Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

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The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
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Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

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A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
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Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster
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[Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia].

Shinya Uchino1, Akiko Ito

  • 1Dept. of Endocrine Surgery, Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes involve inherited tumors. MEN1 and MEN2 are caused by mutations in the MEN1 and RET genes, respectively, while MEN4 is linked to the CDKN1B gene.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) are inherited tumor syndromes affecting endocrine organs.
  • MEN1 is associated with the MEN1 gene (chromosome 11q13) and MEN2 with the RET gene (chromosome 10q11.2).
  • MEN4, a recently identified syndrome, is caused by pathogenic variants in the CDKN1B gene (chromosome 12p13).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetic basis and clinical features of MEN1, MEN2, and MEN4.
  • To highlight the specific gene mutations and their associated tumor types.
  • To compare the phenotypic diversity and onset age across different MEN subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic causes and clinical manifestations of MEN syndromes.
  • Analysis of gene locations and mutation distributions (e.g., MEN1 exons 2-10, RET exons 10, 11, 13-16).
  • Comparison of tumor types and inheritance patterns.

Main Results:

  • MEN1 typically presents with primary hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary tumors.
  • MEN2 is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism, with phenotypes 2A and 2B.
  • MEN4 exhibits MEN1-associated tumors but with later onset and greater tumor diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Specific gene mutations (MEN1, RET, CDKN1B) define distinct MEN syndromes.
  • The location of pathogenic variants in RET correlates with MEN2 phenotypes.
  • MEN4 presents a broader spectrum of tumors and a later onset compared to MEN1.