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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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An alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that varies sinusoidally, resulting in AC current. Meanwhile, a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which are DC pulses with the same polarity. The construction of a DC generator is similar to that of an alternator, except that the pair of slip rings is replaced by a single split ring, also called a commutator. The commutator functions like a periodic rotary switch; it changes the contacts with the...
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Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

High-throughput Screening of Chemical Compounds to Elucidate Their Effects on Bacterial Persistence
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High-throughput Screening of Chemical Compounds to Elucidate Their Effects on Bacterial Persistence

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Retraction Note: A switch in the poly(dC)/RmlB complex regulates bacterial persister formation.

Xu Chen1, Gen Li1, Xuewei Liao2

  • 1Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.

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This study has been retracted and is no longer considered valid scientific literature. Further research should not rely on its findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific integrity
  • Retraction notices

Context:

  • Ensuring the reliability of published research
  • Maintaining scientific record accuracy

Purpose:

  • To formally retract the publication due to undisclosed issues
  • To inform the scientific community of the paper's invalid status

Summary:

  • The paper titled '[Paper Title]' has been officially retracted by the journal.
  • Reasons for retraction include [briefly state reason if known, otherwise omit or generalize, e.g., ethical concerns, data integrity issues].

Impact:

  • Removes unreliable data from scientific discourse
  • Upholds standards of scientific publishing
  • Guides researchers away from erroneous conclusions