Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

7.9K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
7.9K
Stream Function01:20

Stream Function

2.1K
In two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow, the continuity equation is essential for ensuring mass conservation, meaning that any change in fluid entering or exiting a region is balanced by a corresponding change elsewhere. For incompressible flow, where density remains constant, this requirement simplifies to the condition that the divergence of the velocity field must be zero. Mathematically, this is expressed as,
2.1K
Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

425
Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
425
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

462
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
462
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

685
Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
685
Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

6.4K
Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy and safety of lenacapavir, teropavimab, and zinlirvimab: week-26 primary outcome results from a multicentre, open-label, randomised, active-controlled, phase 2 study.

The Lancet. Microbe·2026
Same author

Vulnerability of alpine butterfly eggs to early winter warming.

Current research in insect science·2026
Same author

Resistance Analysis of Low-Level Virologic Rebound During HIV-1 Treatment With Lenacapavir and Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Teropavimab and Zinlirvimab.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025
Same author

Exploration of potential ecosystem service trade-offs when establishing trees in different urban substrates.

Journal of environmental management·2025
Same author

Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV and viral suppression on second-line therapy in Haiti: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial.

The lancet. HIV·2025
Same author

Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) only use magnetic cues for migratory directionality with orientation re-calibrated by coldness.

PloS one·2025
Same journal

A model-based assessment of anthropogenic disturbance on lotic macroinvertebrate assemblages.

Ecosphere (Washington, D.C)·2026
Same journal

Diet of schistosome vectors influences infection outcomes.

Ecosphere (Washington, D.C)·2025
Same journal

Assessing the relative vulnerabilities of Mid-Atlantic freshwater wetlands to projected hydrologic changes.

Ecosphere (Washington, D.C)·2025
Same journal

Hantavirus in rodents in the United States: Temporal and spatial trends and report of new hosts.

Ecosphere (Washington, D.C)·2025
Same journal

Testing source elevation versus genotype as predictors of sugar pine performance in a post-fire restoration planting.

Ecosphere (Washington, D.C)·2025
Same journal

Dryland fungi are spatially heterogeneous and resistant to global change drivers.

Ecosphere (Washington, D.C)·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.9K

A patchy continuum? Stream processes show varied responses to patch- and continuum-based analyses.

Sean E Collins1,2, Stephen F Matter1, Ishi Buffam1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 USA.

Ecosphere (Washington, D.C)
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ecological studies benefit from combining patch and continuum models to understand stream ecosystems. A combined approach best explains nutrient and metabolism variations across watersheds.

Keywords:
Kanawha RiverRiver Continuum ConceptRiverine Ecosystem Synthesisecosystem metabolismfunctional process zonemacronutrient concentrationnitratephosphatestream orderwatershed

More Related Videos

Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness
11:09

Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness

Published on: April 1, 2018

8.5K
Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats
09:23

Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats

Published on: May 24, 2018

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.9K
Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness
11:09

Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness

Published on: April 1, 2018

8.5K
Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats
09:23

Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats

Published on: May 24, 2018

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Conceptual syntheses in ecology and evolution often use patch- or continuum-based models.
  • Examples include gradualism, punctuated equilibrium, edge effects, and island biogeography theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if patch- or continuum-based analyses explain variations in stream macronutrients and system metabolism.
  • To compare model performance using Strahler stream order (continuum) and functional process zone (patch).

Main Methods:

  • Statistical modeling of stream macronutrient concentrations and system metabolism (productivity, respiration rates).
  • Utilized Strahler stream order (SSO) and functional process zone (FPZ) as analytical factors.
  • Compared model performance using likelihood ratio tests against a null model.

Main Results:

  • Only phosphate (PO43-) concentrations responded better to patch-based analysis.
  • Both patch and continuum models significantly improved ecosystem respiration predictions over a null model, with no significant difference between them.
  • Combined models incorporating both SSO and FPZ best explained observed variations in most cases.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple patch- and continuum-based processes simultaneously influence stream ecosystem parameters.
  • Nutrient spiraling and land cover patches affect macronutrients; temperature, discharge, light, and channel morphology affect metabolism.
  • Recommends using a combination of patch- and continuum-based analyses for modeling stream ecosystems.