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[Visceral leishmaniasis].

T J Wilhelm1

  • 1Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, GRN-Klinik Weinheim, Röntgenstraße 1, 69469, Weinheim, Deutschland. torsten.wilhelm@grn.de.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visceral leishmaniasis, a sandfly-transmitted zoonotic disease, presents with fever, enlarged spleen and liver, and low blood counts. Diagnosis involves PCR or bone marrow analysis, with antiparasitic drugs for treatment.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyHepatosplenomegalyImmunosuppressionOpportunistic infectionSurgical aspects

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a globally prevalent infectious zoonotic disease.
  • Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by sandflies, cause VL, with dogs as primary hosts.
  • Prevalence in Germany is low, primarily affecting travelers from Mediterranean regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of visceral leishmaniasis.
  • To highlight diagnostic and treatment strategies for VL.
  • To inform about risk factors and clinical presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of peripheral blood.
  • Direct detection of Leishmania in bone marrow aspirates is another diagnostic method.
  • Clinical symptoms and imaging findings are considered for diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Common clinical symptoms include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia.
  • Liver and spleen lesions can mimic other conditions, complicating diagnosis.
  • Immunosuppressed individuals are at higher risk for severe VL.

Conclusions:

  • Visceral leishmaniasis requires systemic antiparasitic drug treatment.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial, distinguishing VL from other liver and spleen pathologies.
  • Awareness of VL epidemiology and risk factors is important for affected populations.