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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials
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Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea.

Petr Horák1, Jana Bulantová2, Libor Mikeš2

  • 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czechia. petr.horak@natur.cuni.cz.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
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Diplostomida trematodes cause significant diseases in humans and animals. Their complex life cycles and tissue migration lead to severe pathology, impacting both agriculture and wildlife conservation efforts.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Helminthology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Trematodes of the order Diplostomida are significant pathogens affecting humans, farm animals, and wild animals.
  • Members of the genus Schistosoma cause human schistosomosis, impacting over 200 million people globally.
  • Animal schistosomes pose considerable veterinary importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathology and life cycles of Diplostomida trematodes.
  • To highlight the veterinary and medical significance of these parasites.
  • To underscore the impact of Diplostomida infections on vertebrate hosts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Diplostomida trematode infections.
  • Analysis of life cycle strategies (two-host vs. three- or four-host).
Keywords:
AporocotylidaeBlood flukesDiplostomidaeSanguinicolidaeSchistosomaSchistosomatidaeSkin penetrationSpirorchiidaeStrigeidaeTrematodes

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  • Examination of pathological mechanisms associated with different trematode families (e.g., Schistosomatidae, Aporocotylidae, Spirorchiidae, Diplostomidae, Strigeidae).
  • Main Results:

    • Diplostomida trematodes exhibit diverse life cycles, including two-host and three- or four-host patterns.
    • Pathology is linked to inflammatory responses to eggs (e.g., Schistosomatidae) or migrating larval stages (e.g., Diplostomidae, Strigeidae).
    • Specific families like Aporocotylidae (fish) and Spirorchiidae (reptiles) cause distinct diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Diplostomida trematodes represent a substantial threat to public health and animal health.
    • Understanding their complex life cycles and pathogenic strategies is crucial for disease management.
    • These infections have significant ecological and economic impacts on both domestic and wild animal populations.