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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Vitamin D: A Micronutrient Regulating Genes.

Carsten Carlberg1

  • 1Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D, essential for calcium balance and immunity, is often needed through diet or supplements due to modern lifestyles. It regulates over 1000 genes via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), impacting overall health.

Keywords:
VDRVitamin Depigenomeevolutiongene regulationtranscriptomevitamin D response indexvitamin D supplementation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Humans synthesize vitamin D3 in skin with sun exposure, but modern lifestyles necessitate dietary intake or supplementation.
  • Vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 functions as a nuclear hormone, activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse biological effects of vitamin D.
  • To explore vitamin D's role in calcium homeostasis, bone health, and immune system modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vitamin D's biological effects.
  • Discussion of vitamin D's mechanism of action through VDR activation.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D influences calcium homeostasis, bone formation, and both innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Evolutionary skin lightening is linked to efficient vitamin D3 synthesis.
  • Vitamin D, via VDR, directly impacts the epigenome and gene expression in numerous tissues.

Conclusions:

  • The wide-ranging health benefits of vitamin D are attributed to its complex gene regulatory actions through the VDR.
  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing disease through pleiotropic effects.